初始化
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ir_receive.py
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290
ir_receive.py
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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
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"""
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红外收发板 — 接收测试
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=====================
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USB转TTL 连接红外收发板，接收并显示红外信号数据。
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用法:
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python ir_receive.py # 自动查找串口, 9600 波特率
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python ir_receive.py --ports # 仅扫描串口
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python ir_receive.py -p COM5 # 指定端口
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python ir_receive.py -p COM5 -b 115200 # 指定端口和波特率
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python ir_receive.py -p COM5 --hex-only # 仅显示十六进制
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依赖: pip install pyserial
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"""
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import sys
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import time
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import argparse
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import serial
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import serial.tools.list_ports
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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# 常见红外板串口波特率 (按优先级排列)
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# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
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COMMON_BAUDRATES = [9600, 115200, 57600, 19200, 38400, 4800, 2400]
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# CH34x / 常见 USB-to-TTL 芯片 VID:PID
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USB_TTL_CHIPS = {
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(0x1A86, 0x55D3): "CH343",
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(0x1A86, 0x55D4): "CH344",
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(0x1A86, 0x7523): "CH340",
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(0x1A86, 0x5523): "CH341",
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(0x1A86, 0x55D5): "CH342",
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(0x0403, 0x6001): "FT232",
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(0x067B, 0x2303): "PL2303",
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(0x10C4, 0xEA60): "CP2102",
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}
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USB_TTL_KEYWORDS = [
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"ch343", "ch340", "ch341", "ch342", "ch344",
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"usb-enhanced-serial", "usb serial", "usb-serial",
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"ft232", "ftdi", "cp210", "pl2303", "wch",
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]
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def scan_ports():
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"""扫描所有串口，标注 USB-to-TTL 设备"""
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ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
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results = []
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print("=" * 70)
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print(f"{'端口':<8} {'芯片':<10} {'VID:PID':<12} {'描述'}")
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print("-" * 70)
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for port in ports:
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vid_pid = (port.vid, port.pid) if port.vid and port.pid else None
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chip = USB_TTL_CHIPS.get(vid_pid, "")
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if not chip:
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combined = f"{port.description or ''} {port.hwid or ''}".lower()
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for kw in USB_TTL_KEYWORDS:
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if kw in combined:
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chip = "USB-TTL"
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break
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info = {
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"device": port.device,
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"description": port.description or "",
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"vid": port.vid,
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"pid": port.pid,
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"chip": chip or None,
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}
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results.append(info)
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vid_str = f"{port.vid:04X}:{port.pid:04X}" if vid_pid else "N/A"
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chip_str = chip or "-"
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print(f"{port.device:<8} {chip_str:<10} {vid_str:<12} {port.description or ''}")
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print("=" * 70)
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return results
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def find_usb_ttl_port():
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"""自动查找 USB-to-TTL 串口"""
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ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports()
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candidates = []
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for port in ports:
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combined = f"{port.description or ''} {port.hwid or ''}".lower()
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if any(kw in combined for kw in USB_TTL_KEYWORDS):
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candidates.append(port)
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if candidates:
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p = candidates[0]
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print(f"→ 自动选择: {p.device} — {p.description}")
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return p.device
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# 回退: 返回第一个可用端口
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all_ports = list(ports)
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if all_ports:
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p = all_ports[0]
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print(f"→ 回退使用: {p.device} — {p.description}")
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return p.device
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return None
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def try_connect(port: str, baudrate: int, timeout: float = 1.0) -> serial.Serial | None:
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"""尝试以指定波特率打开串口"""
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try:
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ser = serial.Serial(
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port=port,
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baudrate=baudrate,
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bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS,
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parity=serial.PARITY_NONE,
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stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE,
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timeout=timeout,
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)
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return ser
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except serial.SerialException:
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return None
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def format_hex(data: bytes) -> str:
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"""格式化十六进制显示"""
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return data.hex(" ").upper()
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def format_binary(data: bytes) -> str:
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"""格式化二进制显示"""
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return " ".join(f"{b:08b}" for b in data)
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def run_receiver(port: str, baudrate: int, hex_only: bool = False):
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"""
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主接收循环 — 持续读取串口数据并显示。
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按 Ctrl+C 退出。
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"""
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print(f"\n打开串口 {port} @ {baudrate} baud...")
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ser = try_connect(port, baudrate, timeout=0.5)
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if ser is None:
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print(f"✗ 无法打开 {port}")
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return
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print(f"✓ 已连接。等待红外信号... (按 Ctrl+C 退出)\n")
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print("-" * 70)
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buffer = bytearray()
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last_print_time = time.time()
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IDLE_PRINT_THRESHOLD = 0.15 # 空闲超过此秒数则打印之前累积的数据
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try:
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while True:
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try:
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waiting = ser.in_waiting
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except (serial.SerialException, OSError) as e:
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print(f"\n✗ 串口断开: {e}")
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break
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if waiting > 0:
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try:
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chunk = ser.read(waiting)
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except serial.SerialException:
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break
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buffer.extend(chunk)
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last_print_time = time.time()
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else:
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# 空闲时: 如果缓冲区有数据且空闲足够久，打印
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if buffer and (time.time() - last_print_time) > IDLE_PRINT_THRESHOLD:
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data = bytes(buffer)
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timestamp = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S")
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if hex_only:
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print(f"[{timestamp}] ({len(data)}B) {format_hex(data)}")
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else:
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print(f"[{timestamp}] 收到 {len(data)} 字节")
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print(f" HEX: {format_hex(data)}")
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print(f" BIN: {format_binary(data)}")
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# 尝试 ASCII 解码
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try:
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ascii_str = data.decode("ascii")
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if ascii_str.isprintable():
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print(f" ASCII: {ascii_str.strip()}")
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except UnicodeDecodeError:
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pass
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print()
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buffer.clear()
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time.sleep(0.02)
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except KeyboardInterrupt:
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print("\n\n用户中断")
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finally:
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ser.close()
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print(f"✓ 已关闭 {port}")
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def auto_baudrate_test(port: str):
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"""
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波特率自动探测 — 提示用户按红外遥控器，
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在不同波特率下监听，看哪个能收到有效数据。
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"""
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print("\n" + "=" * 70)
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print(" 波特率自动探测")
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print("=" * 70)
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print("请持续按红外遥控器任意键...\n")
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for baud in COMMON_BAUDRATES:
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print(f" 测试 {baud:>6} baud ... ", end="", flush=True)
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ser = try_connect(port, baud, timeout=0.3)
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if ser is None:
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print("无法打开")
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continue
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# 等待一小段时间收集数据
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received = bytearray()
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deadline = time.time() + 2.0
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while time.time() < deadline:
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try:
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n = ser.in_waiting
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if n > 0:
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received.extend(ser.read(n))
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except serial.SerialException:
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break
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time.sleep(0.05)
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ser.close()
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if received:
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print(f"收到 {len(received)} 字节! → {format_hex(bytes(received))}")
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else:
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print("无数据")
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print("\n提示: 有数据的波特率即为正确波特率。")
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def main():
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parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
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description="红外收发板 — 接收测试",
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formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter,
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epilog="""
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示例:
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%(prog)s 自动查找串口, 9600bps, 持续接收
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%(prog)s --ports 仅扫描串口
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%(prog)s -p COM5 指定端口接收
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%(prog)s -p COM5 -b 115200 指定端口和波特率
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%(prog)s -p COM5 --auto-baud 自动探测波特率
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%(prog)s -p COM5 --hex-only 仅显示十六进制
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""",
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)
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parser.add_argument("-p", "--port", default=None, help="串口 (如 COM5)")
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parser.add_argument("-b", "--baudrate", type=int, default=9600, help="波特率 (默认 9600)")
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parser.add_argument("--ports", action="store_true", help="仅扫描串口")
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parser.add_argument("--auto-baud", action="store_true", help="自动探测波特率")
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parser.add_argument("--hex-only", action="store_true", help="仅显示十六进制")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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# 仅扫描
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if args.ports:
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scan_ports()
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return
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# 确定端口
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port = args.port
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if port is None:
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print("未指定端口，自动扫描 USB-to-TTL 设备...\n")
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scan_ports()
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port = find_usb_ttl_port()
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if port is None:
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print("\n✗ 未找到任何串口。请检查:")
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print(" 1. USB-to-TTL 是否已插入")
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print(" 2. 设备管理器中是否出现 COM 口")
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print(" 3. 驱动是否已安装")
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return
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print()
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# 自动探测波特率
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if args.auto_baud:
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auto_baudrate_test(port)
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return
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# 持续接收
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run_receiver(port, args.baudrate, hex_only=args.hex_only)
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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main()
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