# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ 红外收发板 — 接收测试 ===================== USB转TTL 连接红外收发板，接收并显示红外信号数据。 用法: python ir_receive.py # 自动查找串口, 9600 波特率 python ir_receive.py --ports # 仅扫描串口 python ir_receive.py -p COM5 # 指定端口 python ir_receive.py -p COM5 -b 115200 # 指定端口和波特率 python ir_receive.py -p COM5 --hex-only # 仅显示十六进制 依赖: pip install pyserial """ import sys import time import argparse import serial import serial.tools.list_ports # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ # 常见红外板串口波特率 (按优先级排列) # ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ COMMON_BAUDRATES = [9600, 115200, 57600, 19200, 38400, 4800, 2400] # CH34x / 常见 USB-to-TTL 芯片 VID:PID USB_TTL_CHIPS = { (0x1A86, 0x55D3): "CH343", (0x1A86, 0x55D4): "CH344", (0x1A86, 0x7523): "CH340", (0x1A86, 0x5523): "CH341", (0x1A86, 0x55D5): "CH342", (0x0403, 0x6001): "FT232", (0x067B, 0x2303): "PL2303", (0x10C4, 0xEA60): "CP2102", } USB_TTL_KEYWORDS = [ "ch343", "ch340", "ch341", "ch342", "ch344", "usb-enhanced-serial", "usb serial", "usb-serial", "ft232", "ftdi", "cp210", "pl2303", "wch", ] def scan_ports(): """扫描所有串口，标注 USB-to-TTL 设备""" ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports() results = [] print("=" * 70) print(f"{'端口':<8} {'芯片':<10} {'VID:PID':<12} {'描述'}") print("-" * 70) for port in ports: vid_pid = (port.vid, port.pid) if port.vid and port.pid else None chip = USB_TTL_CHIPS.get(vid_pid, "") if not chip: combined = f"{port.description or ''} {port.hwid or ''}".lower() for kw in USB_TTL_KEYWORDS: if kw in combined: chip = "USB-TTL" break info = { "device": port.device, "description": port.description or "", "vid": port.vid, "pid": port.pid, "chip": chip or None, } results.append(info) vid_str = f"{port.vid:04X}:{port.pid:04X}" if vid_pid else "N/A" chip_str = chip or "-" print(f"{port.device:<8} {chip_str:<10} {vid_str:<12} {port.description or ''}") print("=" * 70) return results def find_usb_ttl_port(): """自动查找 USB-to-TTL 串口""" ports = serial.tools.list_ports.comports() candidates = [] for port in ports: combined = f"{port.description or ''} {port.hwid or ''}".lower() if any(kw in combined for kw in USB_TTL_KEYWORDS): candidates.append(port) if candidates: p = candidates[0] print(f"→ 自动选择: {p.device} — {p.description}") return p.device # 回退: 返回第一个可用端口 all_ports = list(ports) if all_ports: p = all_ports[0] print(f"→ 回退使用: {p.device} — {p.description}") return p.device return None def try_connect(port: str, baudrate: int, timeout: float = 1.0) -> serial.Serial | None: """尝试以指定波特率打开串口""" try: ser = serial.Serial( port=port, baudrate=baudrate, bytesize=serial.EIGHTBITS, parity=serial.PARITY_NONE, stopbits=serial.STOPBITS_ONE, timeout=timeout, ) return ser except serial.SerialException: return None def format_hex(data: bytes) -> str: """格式化十六进制显示""" return data.hex(" ").upper() def format_binary(data: bytes) -> str: """格式化二进制显示""" return " ".join(f"{b:08b}" for b in data) def run_receiver(port: str, baudrate: int, hex_only: bool = False): """ 主接收循环 — 持续读取串口数据并显示。 按 Ctrl+C 退出。 """ print(f"\n打开串口 {port} @ {baudrate} baud...") ser = try_connect(port, baudrate, timeout=0.5) if ser is None: print(f"✗ 无法打开 {port}") return print(f"✓ 已连接。等待红外信号... (按 Ctrl+C 退出)\n") print("-" * 70) buffer = bytearray() last_print_time = time.time() IDLE_PRINT_THRESHOLD = 0.15 # 空闲超过此秒数则打印之前累积的数据 try: while True: try: waiting = ser.in_waiting except (serial.SerialException, OSError) as e: print(f"\n✗ 串口断开: {e}") break if waiting > 0: try: chunk = ser.read(waiting) except serial.SerialException: break buffer.extend(chunk) last_print_time = time.time() else: # 空闲时: 如果缓冲区有数据且空闲足够久，打印 if buffer and (time.time() - last_print_time) > IDLE_PRINT_THRESHOLD: data = bytes(buffer) timestamp = time.strftime("%H:%M:%S") if hex_only: print(f"[{timestamp}] ({len(data)}B) {format_hex(data)}") else: print(f"[{timestamp}] 收到 {len(data)} 字节") print(f" HEX: {format_hex(data)}") print(f" BIN: {format_binary(data)}") # 尝试 ASCII 解码 try: ascii_str = data.decode("ascii") if ascii_str.isprintable(): print(f" ASCII: {ascii_str.strip()}") except UnicodeDecodeError: pass print() buffer.clear() time.sleep(0.02) except KeyboardInterrupt: print("\n\n用户中断") finally: ser.close() print(f"✓ 已关闭 {port}") def auto_baudrate_test(port: str): """ 波特率自动探测 — 提示用户按红外遥控器， 在不同波特率下监听，看哪个能收到有效数据。 """ print("\n" + "=" * 70) print(" 波特率自动探测") print("=" * 70) print("请持续按红外遥控器任意键...\n") for baud in COMMON_BAUDRATES: print(f" 测试 {baud:>6} baud ... ", end="", flush=True) ser = try_connect(port, baud, timeout=0.3) if ser is None: print("无法打开") continue # 等待一小段时间收集数据 received = bytearray() deadline = time.time() + 2.0 while time.time() < deadline: try: n = ser.in_waiting if n > 0: received.extend(ser.read(n)) except serial.SerialException: break time.sleep(0.05) ser.close() if received: print(f"收到 {len(received)} 字节! → {format_hex(bytes(received))}") else: print("无数据") print("\n提示: 有数据的波特率即为正确波特率。") def main(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser( description="红外收发板 — 接收测试", formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter, epilog=""" 示例: %(prog)s 自动查找串口, 9600bps, 持续接收 %(prog)s --ports 仅扫描串口 %(prog)s -p COM5 指定端口接收 %(prog)s -p COM5 -b 115200 指定端口和波特率 %(prog)s -p COM5 --auto-baud 自动探测波特率 %(prog)s -p COM5 --hex-only 仅显示十六进制 """, ) parser.add_argument("-p", "--port", default=None, help="串口 (如 COM5)") parser.add_argument("-b", "--baudrate", type=int, default=9600, help="波特率 (默认 9600)") parser.add_argument("--ports", action="store_true", help="仅扫描串口") parser.add_argument("--auto-baud", action="store_true", help="自动探测波特率") parser.add_argument("--hex-only", action="store_true", help="仅显示十六进制") args = parser.parse_args() # 仅扫描 if args.ports: scan_ports() return # 确定端口 port = args.port if port is None: print("未指定端口，自动扫描 USB-to-TTL 设备...\n") scan_ports() port = find_usb_ttl_port() if port is None: print("\n✗ 未找到任何串口。请检查:") print(" 1. USB-to-TTL 是否已插入") print(" 2. 设备管理器中是否出现 COM 口") print(" 3. 驱动是否已安装") return print() # 自动探测波特率 if args.auto_baud: auto_baudrate_test(port) return # 持续接收 run_receiver(port, args.baudrate, hex_only=args.hex_only) if __name__ == "__main__": main()